←
Old English hrēof (cognate)
←
English gruff (cognate)
←
Proto-Germanic *grubaz (inherited)
←
Middle High German grob (inherited)
←
Middle High German grop (mention)
←
Proto-West Germanic *gahrob (inherited)
←
Proto-West Germanic *grob (inherited)
←
Old High German grob (inherited)
←
Old High German girob (mention)
←
Old High German riob (cognate)
←
Old High German griobo (cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-European *krewp- (derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (derived)
←
Low German groff (cognate)
←
Saterland Frisian groaf (cognate)
→
English gruff (cognate)
→
Luxembourgish graff (cognate)
→
Norwegian Bokmål grobian (mention)
→
Low German groff (cognate)
→
Norwegian Nynorsk grobian (mention)