Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Scottish Gaelic
màla
←
English
mail
(cognate)
←
Middle English
male
(borrowed)
←
Old French
male
(derived)
←
Proto-Germanic
*malhō
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*molko-
(derived)
→
Scottish Gaelic
màileid
(mention)