Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
French prouver
Old French prover (inherited)
Latin probāre (inherited)
Latin probō (mention)

Catalan provar (cognate)
French éprouver (prefix)
French preuve (mention)
French approuver (mention)
French approuver (affix)
French prouvable (suffix)
Ido pruvar (borrowed)