Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
French éprouver
French é (prefix)
French prouver (prefix)
Middle French esprouver (inherited)
Old French esprover (inherited)
Old French prover (mention)
Latin probō (derived)

French épreuve (mention)
Norman éprouvaïr (cognate)
Norman êprouver (cognate)