Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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Persian شب
← Proto-Iranian *xšáfš (inherited)
← Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎱 (inherited)

→ Persian امشب (affix)
→ Persian شبنم (compound)
→ Persian شبستان (affix)
→ Persian شام (cognate)
→ Persian چادر شب (compound)
→ Persian شبی (mention)
→ Persian شب‌کور (compound)
→ Persian شبانه (suffix)
→ Persian شبدیز (compound)
→ Persian فرداشب (compound)
→ Persian شباهنگ (compound)
→ Hindi शबनम (compound)
→ Hindi शब (borrowed)
→ Hittite 𒅖𒉺𒀭𒍝 (cognate)
→ Northern Kurdish şev (cognate)
→ Macedonian чаршаф (mention)
→ Ossetian ӕхсӕв (cognate)
→ Pashto شپه (cognate)
→ Sanskrit क्षप् (cognate)
→ Urdu شب (derived)
→ Urdu شب برات (mention)
→ Old Armenian շապիկ (cognate)
→ Zazaki şew (cognate)