Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Spanish pudrir
English putrid (cognate)
Spanish podrir (mention)
Latin putrēre (inherited)
Latin putreō (mention)

Spanish olla podrida (mention)
Spanish podrido (cognate)
Spanish podredumbre (affix)
Spanish podre (mention)
Spanish pudrimiento (suffix)