Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
English
vain
←
Middle English
veyn
(inherited)
←
Old French
vain
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*h₁weh₂-
(root)
←
Latin
vānus
(derived)
→
English
wane
(doublet)
→
English
vanity
(suffix)
→
English
vanity
(mention)
→
English
vainly
(suffix)
→
English
vainness
(suffix)
→
English
unvain
(prefix)