Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
English vain
Middle English veyn (inherited)
Old French vain (derived)
Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (root)
Latin vānus (derived)

English wane (doublet)
English vanity (suffix)
English vanity (mention)
English vainly (suffix)
English vainness (suffix)
English unvain (prefix)