Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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English shall
← Afrikaans sal (cognate)
← Old English sċeal (inherited)
← Old English sċulan (mention)
← Danish skal (cognate)
← Danish skulle (mention)
← German soll (cognate)
← German sollen (mention)
← English shild (link)
← Middle English schal (inherited)
← Middle English schulen (mention)
← West Frisian sil (cognate)
← West Frisian sille (mention)
← Proto-Germanic *skal (inherited)
← Proto-Germanic *skulaną (mention)
← Proto-West Germanic *skulan (inherited)
← Proto-Indo-European *skel- (derived)
← Icelandic skal (cognate)
← Icelandic skulu (mention)
← Low German schall (cognate)
← German Low German schölen (mention)
← Dutch zal (cognate)
← Dutch zullen (mention)
← Scots sall (cognate)
← Scots sal (mention)

→ English thou (mention)
→ English will (mention)
→ English should (cognate)
→ English shan't (suffix)
→ English sha'n't (mention)
→ English 'll (contraction of)
→ English chell (prefix)
→ English chell (mention)
→ English shalln't (suffix)
→ English shallnae (compound)
→ English shallna (compound)
→ Old English scyld (link)
→ German sollen (cognate)
→ Central Franconian solle (cognate)
→ Low German schölen (cognate)
→ Dutch zullen (cognate)
→ Old Norse skulu (cognate)
→ Pennsylvania German solle (cognate)
→ Sranan Tongo sa (derived)