English ruffle

← Middle Dutch ruyffelen (cognate)

← English ruff (cognate)

← Middle English ruffelen (inherited)

← Middle Low German ruffelen (derived)

← German Low German ruffeln (cognate)

← Old Norse hrufla (derived)

→ English riffle (mention)

→ English ruffly (suffix)

→ English toruffle (prefix)

→ English unrufflable (compound)

→ English ruffler (suffix)

→ English unruffle (prefix)

→ English ruffleless (suffix)

→ English rufflement (suffix)

→ Greek ρουφιάνος (cognate)

→ French rufian (cognate)

→ Galician arrufar (cognate)

→ Italian ruffiano (cognate)

→ Japanese ラッフル (borrowed)