Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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English certain
Old English wis (mention)
Old English iwis (mention)
Old English ġewiss (cognate)
Middle English certeyn (inherited)
Middle English certein (mention)
Middle English certain (mention)
Middle English - (cognate)
Middle English - (cognate)
Middle English sertane (mention)
Old French certain (derived)
Proto-Indo-European *krey- (root)
Latin *certānus (mention)
Latin certus (derived)
Latin cretus (mention)
Latin cernere (mention)

English certainly (suffix)
English uncertain (prefix)
English certainness (suffix)
English incertain (prefix)
English noncertain (prefix)
Afrikaans parra (link)
Ido certena (borrowed)
Norwegian Bokmål bestemt (link)
Dutch bepaald (link)
Polish kroić (mention)