Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
German nagen
English nag (cognate)
English gnaw (mention)
Proto-Germanic *gnaganą (inherited)
Middle High German nagen (inherited)
Old High German nagan (inherited)
Old High German gnagan (mention)

English gnaw (cognate)
German Nagetier (affix)
German Nager (affix)
German zernagen (prefix)
German benagen (prefix)