Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Danish uden
Proto-Germanic *ūtanē (inherited)
Old Norse útan (inherited)

English without (cognate)
Danish udenrigs (affix)
Danish udendørs (affix)
Danish udenad (compound)
Norwegian Bokmål uten (cognate)