Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Catalan
sofre
←
Catalan
sulfur
(doublet)
←
Spanish
azufre
(cognate)
←
French
soufre
(cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*swelplos
(inherited)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*swel-
(mention)
←
Latin
sulfur
(inherited)
←
Latin
sulphur
(mention)
←
Occitan
solpre
(cognate)
→
Catalan
sulfur
(doublet)