Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Catalan
agulla
←
Proto-Indo-European
*h₂eḱ-
(derived)
←
Latin
*acūcula
(mention)
←
Latin
acus
(inherited)
←
Old Occitan
agulha
(inherited)
→
Catalan
agulleta
(affix)
→
Catalan
agullat
(affix)
→
Spanish
aguja
(cognate)