Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Yiddish אוי וויי
German o weh (cognate)
Proto-Germanic *wai (derived)
Middle High German ōwē (inherited)
Middle High German ō (mention)
Middle High German (mention)
Old High German (derived)
Proto-Indo-European *wai (derived)

English oy vey (borrowed)
German auweia (derived)
Hungarian ajvé (derived)
Polish aj waj (borrowed)