Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Proto-Turkic *čiāk

→ Azerbaijani çağ (inherited)
→ Bashkir саҡ (inherited)
→ Bashkir иртәнсәк (mention)
→ Bashkir шақ (inherited(ba/kk))
→ Turkish çağ (inherited)
→ Tuvan шаг (inherited)
→ Tuvan шак (derived)