Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Turkish yağ
← Ottoman Turkish یاغ (inherited)
← Proto-Turkic *yāg (inherited)

→ Old Turkic 𐰖𐰍 (cognate)
→ Yakut сыа (cognate)
→ Turkish zeytinyağı (compound)
→ Turkish yağlı (affix)
→ Turkish yağsız (suffix)
→ Tuvan чаг (cognate)