Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Tagalog
pangulo
←
Malay
penghulu
(cognate)
←
Tagalog
pang
(compound)
←
Tagalog
ulo
(compound)
→
Malay
penghulu
(cognate)