Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Tagalog
agos
←
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
*qaʀus
(inherited)
→
Ilocano
aros
(cognate)
→
Tagalog
maagos
(prefix)