Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Thai ปทุมธานี
← Pali paduma (borrowed)
← Pali dhānī (mention)
← Thai - (cognate)
← Thai ปทุม (compound)
← Thai ธานี (compound)

→ English Pathum Thani (borrowed)
→ Thai ปทุม (clipping)