Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Old Irish mess
← Proto-Indo-European *med- (root)

→ English meat (cognate)
→ Irish meas (inherited)
→ Irish meas (inherited)
→ Scottish Gaelic meas (inherited)
→ Old Irish ammus (mention)
→ Old Irish ammus (affix)
→ Old Irish díummusach (affix)