Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Sanskrit
सहस्
←
Avestan
𐬵𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬵
(cognate)
←
German
Sieg
(cognate)
←
English
sig
(cognate)
←
Proto-Germanic
*segaz
(cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-Iranian
*sáȷ́ʰas
(inherited)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*seǵʰ-
(root)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*seǵʰ-
(inherited)
→
Old English
sige
(cognate)
→
Welsh
hy
(cognate)