Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Welsh
hy
←
Proto-Celtic
*segos
(inherited)
←
Proto-Germanic
*segaz
(cognate)
←
Ancient Greek
ἔχω
(cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*seǵʰ-
(derived)
←
Sanskrit
सहस्
(cognate)
→
Welsh
Hywel
(prefix)
→
Welsh
hynod
(prefix)
→
Welsh
hyder
(affix)