Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Sanskrit प्रास
← Proto-Indo-Iranian *Has- (root)
← Sanskrit अस् (root)
← Sanskrit प्रास् (root)
← Sanskrit प्रास्यति (mention)

→ Hindi प्रास (learned borrowing)
→ Sanskrit अनुप्रास (prefix)
→ Sanskrit पाश (derived)