Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Old Portuguese
gai
←
English
gay
(cognate)
←
Italian
gaio
(cognate)
←
Latin
gaudium
(derived)
←
Old Occitan
gai
(borrowed)
→
Portuguese
gaio
(derived(pt/gl))
→
Portuguese
gaio
(inherited)