Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Portuguese touro
Proto-Indo-European *táwros (inherited)
Latin taurus (inherited)
Old Portuguese touro (inherited)
Proto-Semitic *ṯawr- (derived)

Spanish toro (cognate)
Portuguese vaca (link)
Portuguese tourada (suffix)
Portuguese tourear (suffix)
Portuguese tourão (affix)