Portuguese ser

← Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (inherited)

← Proto-Indo-European *sed- (inherited)

← Proto-Italic *ezom (inherited)

← Proto-Italic *sedēō (inherited)

← Latin sum (inherited)

← Latin sedeō (inherited)

← Latin sedeō (mention)

← Latin sedēre (mention)

← Latin sum (mention)

← Latin (mention)

← Latin (mention)

← Portuguese sou (mention)

← Portuguese sois (mention)

← Old Portuguese seer (inherited)

→ Interlingua esser (derived)

→ Kabuverdianu kusé (derived)

→ Papiamentu podisé (mention)

→ Portuguese era (mention)

→ Portuguese são (mention)