Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
nervo
←
Proto-Indo-European
*(s)new-
(derived)
←
Latin
nervus
(derived)
←
Old Portuguese
nervo
(inherited)
←
Old Portuguese
nervio
(mention)
→
Galician
nervio
(cognate)
→
Portuguese
nervoso
(affix)