Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Portuguese
Proto-Indo-European *gned- (derived)
Proto-Indo-European *gnod- (mention)
Latin nodus (inherited)
Portuguese nodo (doublet)
Old Portuguese noo (inherited)

English noose (cognate)
Spanish nudo (cognate)
Portuguese nós (mention)
Portuguese nodo (doublet)