Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
cova
←
Spanish
cueva
(cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*ḱówHwos
(derived)
←
Latin
covus
(mention)
←
Latin
cavus
(inherited)
←
Old Portuguese
cova
(inherited)
→
Spanish
cueva
(cognate)
→
Galician
cova
(cognate)
→
Portuguese
coveiro
(suffix)