Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Portuguese cova
Spanish cueva (cognate)
Proto-Indo-European *ḱówHwos (derived)
Latin covus (mention)
Latin cavus (inherited)
Old Portuguese cova (inherited)

Spanish cueva (cognate)
Galician cova (cognate)
Portuguese coveiro (suffix)