Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
centeio
←
Proto-Indo-European
*ḱm̥tóm
(inherited)
←
Latin
centēnus
(inherited)
←
Latin
centum
(derived)
←
Old Portuguese
centẽo
(inherited)
→
Galician
centeo
(cognate)