Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
castrar
←
Latin
castrāre
(derived)
←
Latin
castrō
(mention)
←
Portuguese
crestar
(mention)
→
Dalmatian
castrur
(cognate)
→
Portuguese
crestar
(doublet)