Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
Castela
→
Indonesian
ketela
(borrowed)
→
Japanese
カステラ
(derived)
→
Portuguese
castelão
(suffix)
→
Sicilian
Castigghia
(cognate)
→
Tagalog
Kastila
(borrowed)