Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Polish
pałasz
←
German
Pallasch
(borrowed)
←
Hungarian
pallos
(derived)
←
Turkish
pala
(derived)
→
Polish
pałaszować
(affix)
→
Russian
палаш
(borrowed)