Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Polish gałąź
Czech haluz (cognate)
Proto-Slavic *galǫzь (inherited)
Ukrainian галузь (cognate)

Polish gałązka (suffix)
Polish gałęzatka (mention)
Polish rozgałęzić (affix)