Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Polish
arbuz
←
Persian
خربز
(derived)
←
Russian
арбу́з
(borrowed)
→
Belarusian
гарбуз
(cognate)
→
Polish
arbuzowy
(affix)
→
Ukrainian
гарбуз
(cognate)