Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Polish
Nowak
←
Czech
Novák
(cognate)
←
Polish
nowy
(suffix)
←
Polish
ak
(suffix)
→
English
Nowak
(borrowed)
→
English
Novak
(derived)
→
Czech
Novák
(mention)
→
Portuguese
Nowak
(borrowed)