Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Pali
bāhu
←
Proto-Indo-European
*bʰeh₂ǵʰús
(inherited)
←
Sanskrit
बाहु
(inherited)
→
Pali
bāhā
(doublet)
→
Thai
พาหุ
(derived)