Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Middle Persian 𐭫𐭥𐭩𐭱𐭤
Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (derived)
Proto-Iranian *sarah- (inherited)
Proto-Semitic *raʾš- (mention)

Persian سر (inherited)
Persian سالار (mention)
Hindi सिर (cognate)
Old Armenian սար (cognate)