Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Middle Persian ʾp̄
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps (inherited)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (root)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (inherited)
Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (inherited)

English abkar (derived)
Persian آب (inherited)
Persian آبگینه (mention)
Latin vitrum (mention)