Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Old Norse
prófa
→
Old English
profian
(cognate)
→
Icelandic
prófa
(inherited)
→
Norwegian Bokmål
prøve
(derived)
→
Norwegian Nynorsk
prøva
(derived)