Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Norwegian Bokmål
regnbue
←
Proto-Germanic
*regnabugô
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*bʰewgʰ-
(root)
←
Old Norse
regnbogi
(derived)
→
Norwegian Bokmål
regnbuehinne
(compound)