Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Luxembourgish
Kuelestoff
←
German
Kohlenstoff
(borrowed)
←
Luxembourgish
Kuel
(compound)
←
Luxembourgish
Stoff
(compound)
→
Japanese
炭素
(cognate)