←
Old English sundor (cognate)
←
Ancient Greek ἄτερ (cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-European *swé (derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European *só (derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European *seni (derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European *swé (mention)
←
Proto-Indo-European *senH- (mention)
→
Catalan sense (inherited)
→
Catalan sense (mention)
→
Middle English saunz (derived)
→
Esperanto sen (derived)
→
Spanish sin (inherited)
→
French sans (inherited)
→
Old French senz (inherited)
→
Old French sanz (mention)
→
Friulian cence (mention)
→
Galician sen (inherited)
→
Ancient Greek ἄνευ (cognate)
→
Ancient Greek ἄτερ (cognate)
→
Italian senza (inherited)
→
Mirandese sien (inherited)
→
Norman sans (inherited)
→
Occitan sense (derived)
→
Old Spanish sin (inherited)
→
Old Occitan ses (derived)
→
Portuguese sem (inherited)
→
Sardinian sine (inherited)
→
Old Irish sain (cognate)