Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Latin
Caligula
→
English
Caligula
(borrowed)
→
Ancient Greek
Καλιγούλας
(borrowed)
→
Japanese
カリグラ
(learned borrowing)