Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Japanese
天の下
←
Mandarin
天下
(cognate)
←
Japanese
天
(compound)
←
Japanese
の
(compound)
←
Japanese
下
(compound)
←
Japanese
-
(cognate)
←
Middle Chinese
天下
(mention)