Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Japanese
ニューギニア
←
English
New Guinea
(borrowed)
→
Japanese
オランダ領ニューギニア
(compound)
→
Japanese
ドイツ領ニューギニア
(compound)