Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Italian
luogotenente
←
French
lieutenant
(cognate)
←
Italian
luogo
(compound)
←
Italian
tenente
(compound)
→
Italian
tenente
(clipping)
→
Italian
sottoluogotenente
(prefix)
→
Italian
statolder
(mention)
→
Romanian
locotenent
(borrowed)