Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Italian guastare
← Spanish gastar (cognate)
← Latin vastāre (inherited)
← Latin vastō (mention)
← Portuguese gastar (cognate)

→ Italian guasto (mention)
→ Italian guastarsi (affix)
→ Italian riguastare (prefix)
→ Italian Guastavillani (mention)
→ Italian Guastalegname (compound)
→ Portuguese gastar (cognate)