Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Italian
cittadella
←
Italian
città
(cognate)
←
Italian
-ella
(affix)
→
English
citadel
(mention)
→
German
Zitadelle
(borrowed)
→
French
citadelle
(borrowed)
→
Dutch
citadel
(derived)
→
Polish
cytadela
(derived)
→
Russian
цитадель
(derived)